An integrated fuzzy regression-data envelopment analysis algorithm for optimum oil consumption estimation with ambiguous data

This study introduces an integrated fuzzy regression (FR) data envelopment analysis (DEA) algorithm for oil consumption estimation and optimization with uncertain and ambiguous data. This is quite important as oil consumption estimations deals with several uncertainties due to social, economic factors. Furthermore, DEA is integrated with FR because there is no clear cut as to which FR approach is superior for oil consumption estimation. The standard indicators used in this paper are population, cost of crude oil, gross domestic production (GDP) and annual oil production. Fifteen popular and most cited FR models are considered in the algorithm. Each FR model has different approach and advantages. The input data is divided into train and test data. The FR models have been tuned for all their parameters according to the train data, and the best coefficients are identified. Center of Average Method for defuzzification output process is applied. For determining the rate of error of FR models estimations, the rate of defuzzified output of each model is compared with its actual rate consumption in test data. The efficiency of 15 FR models is examined by the output-oriented Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) model without inputs by considering three types of relative error: RMSE, MAE and MAPE. The applicability and superiority of the proposed algorithm is shown for monthly oil consumption of Canada, United States, Japan and Australia from 1990 to 2005.     

Synthesis and microwave characterization of Co-SiC core-shell powders by electroless plating

Co-SiC core-shell powders were prepared by electroless plating. Scanning electron microscopy （SEM） revealed that Co-SiC core-shell powders were of nearly sphere-like shape and were about 0.3 pan. X-ray powder diffraction （XRD） patterns showed that the cobalt powder was hexagonal crystallite. The complex dielectric constant and the complex permeability of Co-SiC core-shell powders-paraffin wax composite were measured by the rectangle wavegnide method. It showed that the dielectric loss was less than 0.1 and the magnetic loss was about 0.2 in 8.2-12.4 GHz for prepared Co-SiC core-shell comoosite oowders.     

Preparation of micro-arc oxidation coatings on magnesium alloy and its thermal shock resistance property

1. Introduction Due to their high specific strength, good electro-magnetic shielding characteristics, high damping characteristics, good cast ability, and excellent pol-ishing capability, magnesium alloys are extensively used in aeronautical, automobile, and electro- communication industries [1-3]. But magnesium has some disadvantages, such as low chemical stability, high negative electric potential, and low hardness, so it is necessary to use surface disposal to accommo-date the demand for re…     

基于非参数乘法回归模型的农业景观步甲空间分布模拟

农业生产引起的景观变化是导致生物多样性丧失的重要原因,为评估农业景观结构变化对物种多样性的影响,探索农业景观物种空间模拟的方法,研究应用非参数乘法回归(NPMR)模型结合田间步甲取样数据,分析了步甲群落多样性、主要物种存在/不存在与取样点周围边长为200 m景观内景观结构之间的关系,建立研究区物种-景观分布预测模型,结合地理信息系统(GIS)技术建立研究区群落/物种空间分布预测图。结果表明:在群落水平上,景观结构对步甲群落多样性的影响不显著; 在物种水平上,黄斑青步甲(Chlaenius micans)、淡鞘婪步甲(Harpalus pallidipennis)受斑块密度的影响显著(p<0.05),黄斑青步甲、后斑青步甲(Chlaenius posticalis)和单齿婪步甲(Harpalus simplicide)受半自然生境类型数的影响显著(p<0.05),单齿蝼步甲(Scarites terricola)受半自然生境比例的影响显著(p<0.05),而蠋步甲(Dolichus halensis)受景观结构的影响较为复杂。通过模型预测,输出研究区域6个主要物种的空间分布模拟图,进一步分析发现在研究区域内,对景观结构较为敏感的6个步甲物种主要分布在农田与半自然生境相接的狭长地带。因此,利用非参数乘法回归模型可以很好地模拟步甲物种对农田景观结构的响应及其在景观中的空间分布变化。200 m×200 m尺度下,尽管步甲群落多样性不受景观结构的显著影响,但是存在部分步甲物种对景观结构响应显著,但不同物种对景观结构的响应不同。增加农田地块间半自然生境,并合理改善景观配置异质性将有利于对景观结构变化敏感步甲物种的维持。     

Carbon-coated lithium titanate: effect of carbon precursor addition processes on the electrochemical performance

In this paper,two carbon-coated lithium titanate(LTO-C1 and LTO-C2)composites were synthesized using the ball-milling-assisted calcination method with different carbon precursor addition processes.The physical and electrochemical properties of the as-synthesized negative electrode materials were characterized to investigate the effects of two carbon-coated LTO synthesis processes on the electrochemical performance of LTO.The results show that the LTO-C2 synthesized by using Li2CO3 and TiO2 as the raw materials and sucrose as the carbon source in a one-pot method has less polarization during lithium insertion and extraction,minimal charge transfer impedance value and the best electrochemical performance among all samples.At the current density of 300 mA·h·g^-1,the LTO-C2 composite delivers a charge capacity of 126.9 mA·h·g^-1,and the reversible capacity after 300 cycles exceeds 121.3 mA·h·g^-1 in the voltage range of 1.0–3.0 V.Furthermore,the electrochemical impedance spectra show that LTO-C2 has higher electronic conductivity and lithium diffusion coefficient,which indicates the advantages in electrode kinetics over LTO and LTO-C1.The results clarify the best electrochemical properties of the carbon-coated LTO-C2 composite prepared by the one-pot method.     

Effect of supports on the redox performance of pyrite cinder in chemical looping combustion

Chemical looping combustion (CLC) is a clean and efficient flame-free combustion technology,which combust the fuels by lattice oxygen from a solid oxygen carrier with inherent CO2 capture.The develop-ment of oxygen carriers with low cost and high redox performance is crucial to the whole efficiency of CLC process.As the solid by-product from the sulfuric acid production,pyrite cinder presented excellent redox performance as an oxygen carrier in CLC process.The main components in pyrite cinder are Fe2O3,CaSO4,Al2O3 and SiO2 in which Fe2O3 is the active component to provide lattice oxygen.In order to sys-tematic investigate the functions of supports (CaSO4,Al2O3 and SiO2) in pyrite cinder,three oxygen car-riers (Fe2O3-CaSO4,Fe2O3-Al2O3 and Fe2O3-SiO2) were prepared and evaluated in this study.The results showed that Fe2O3-CaSO4 displayed high redox activity and cycling stability in the multiple redox cycles.However,both Fe2O3-Al2O3 and Fe2O3-SiO2 experienced serious deactivation during redox reactions.It indicated that the inert Fe-Si solid solution (Fe2SiO4) was formed in the spent Fe2O3-SiO2 sample,which decreased the oxygen carrying capacity of this sample.The XPS results showed that the oxygen species on the surface of Fe2O3-CaSO4 could be fully recovered after the 20 redox cycles.It can be concluded that CaSO4 is the key to the high redox activity and cycling stability of pyrite cinder.     

生物质湿颗粒干燥特性实验与模拟研究

生物质作为一种新型的绿色清洁可再生燃料,常常因为水分含量过高而大大降低利用效 率。本文采用实验与数值模拟相结合的方法,对细丝状生物质颗粒在旋转滚筒内干燥预处理过程展开研究,分析了滚筒倾角、气流温度和气流速度对生物质能量传递和水分迁移过程的影响规律。结果表明:气流速度对颗粒与气流之间的对流换热量影响较大,流速增加强化了颗粒与气流之间的对流换热和水分蒸发过程,降低颗粒与滚筒热内壁面之间导热换热量的比重;滚筒倾角在3.5°~4.5°的范围内,颗粒出口温度和含水率均随滚筒倾角的增加而增加;提高气流入口温度,能够增加促进颗粒与气流之间的对流换热和颗粒表面水分汽化速度,使得颗粒在出口处的温度升高,含水率降低。     

烟气喷淋脱碳数值模拟及其特性分析

针对烟气喷淋脱碳,采用欧拉-拉格朗日法建立了耦合气液流动、热质传递及化学反应的三维数值模型,并基于热力一致性简化模型中的热力学表达,以降低计算成本。模型验证表明,预测结果与实验结果吻合良好。基于该模型考察了塔内气液流动、热质传递及CO2吸收等特性。结果表明:喷淋方式对塔内气液分布、温度分布及CO2吸收有重要影响;向下喷淋将卷吸喷嘴周围烟气沿塔中部向下流动,与新入烟气存在强烈的掺混行为,并造成液滴在塔中部集聚;气液温度分布及H2O气相体积分数分布有较高的关联性,汽化潜热占热交换总量的64%;传质阻力集中在液侧,比气侧高2个数量级;通过改变喷淋方向可以减小液滴分布不均匀性,将脱碳效率从38.3%提升至49.6%。